Science News article adapted from the USDA highlighting the role of Bt crops in an age of overwhelming non-target damage evidence from pesticides. The conclusion is that Bt is by far the least harmful to non-target organisms.

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Science News article adapted from the USDA highlighting the role of Bt crops in an age of overwhelming non-target damage evidence from pesticides. The conclusion is that Bt is by far the least harmful to non-target organisms.

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A thoroughly produced primer on toxicology of invertebrates. The author has attempted to update the traditional "canary in the coalmine" analogy to "smoke-detectors" for an audience not familiar with 19th century mining practice. An experiment is outlined, further ideas for future experiments give, description of various invertebrates along with their habits, a glossary, and references are supplied. It only lacks illustrations, but more than makes up for it with logical layout, and explanation.

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A thoroughly produced primer on toxicology of invertebrates. The author has attempted to update the traditional "canary in the coalmine" analogy to "smoke-detectors" for an audience not familiar with 19th century mining practice. An experiment is outlined, further ideas for future experiments give, description of various invertebrates along with their habits, a glossary, and references are supplied. It only lacks illustrations, but more than makes up for it with logical layout, and explanation.

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Very good set of information about monarch butterflies and monitoring their annual migration. Some of the graphics on the site are large and may require high-speed internet for quick access. Lots of good lesson plan ideas for highschool and undergraduate students. Ideas that can be expanded for graduate students. Good photographs and video.

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Concise lecture on sound production in insects. Stridulation, forced air through spiracles, wing vibration, and tapping are all discussed with examples. Advantages and disadvantages of sound production are also discussed. The page also links to chemical, and visual communication pages.

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Concise lecture on sound production in insects. Stridulation, forced air through spiracles, wing vibration, and tapping are all discussed with examples. Advantages and disadvantages of sound production are also discussed. The page also links to chemical, and visual communication pages.

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Discussion of molecular barcoding methods for determining species. While in early phases results have been mixed, this page provides a positive example in insects. Other menu choices provide some of the basic principles, and a general statement of the purpose.

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Discussion of molecular barcoding methods for determining species. While in early phases results have been mixed, this page provides a positive example in insects. Other menu choices provide some of the basic principles, and a general statement of the purpose.

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Major Brain centers, dissectable brains, and full color schematic representations of the fly brain are some of the features of this site. Much of the content is from cell tissue research.

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Major Brain centers, dissectable brains, and full color schematic representations of the fly brain are some of the features of this site. Much of the content is from cell tissue research.

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Bed bugs and relatives that bite birds and bats are represented here in description and illustration. Life history information, as well as control strategies are provided.

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Bed bugs and relatives that bite birds and bats are represented here in description and illustration. Life history information, as well as control strategies are provided.

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Nine photographs of well known dipteran, lepidopteran, and hemipteran mimics based on stinging or distasteful models. Photos are of high quality and useful for demonstrations or teaching insect identification.

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Nine photographs of well known dipteran, lepidopteran, and hemipteran mimics based on stinging or distasteful models. Photos are of high quality and useful for demonstrations or teaching insect identification.

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Edinburgh University findings that type O blood cells do not easily conform to the usual pattern of malarial manipulation by the parasites. Researchers are hopeful that this resistance capability may prove helpful in saving some of the two million deaths caused by the mosquito borne disease.

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Edinburgh University findings that type O blood cells do not easily conform to the usual pattern of malarial manipulation by the parasites. Researchers are hopeful that this resistance capability may prove helpful in saving some of the two million deaths caused by the mosquito borne disease.

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A non-journal article about the origin and history of modern bees. Links to discussion of bee fossils, genetic information, distribution of species, and an extensive bibliography are included.

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A non-journal article about the origin and history of modern bees. Links to discussion of bee fossils, genetic information, distribution of species, and an extensive bibliography are included.

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A short Canadian article about insurance claim investigation and forensic entomology. Most of the usual crime investigation procedures are clearly described, including maggot collection, weather data logging, and a discussion of post-mortem interval (though, without an actual calculation example). This is a commercial site.

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A short Canadian article about insurance claim investigation and forensic entomology. Most of the usual crime investigation procedures are clearly described, including maggot collection, weather data logging, and a discussion of post-mortem interval (though, without an actual calculation example). This is a commercial site.

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A short video demonstrating the procedures of beetle and moth collecting using a blacklight. Dr. Edward Riley gives tips for successful blacklighting including site selection, ideal times and weather conditions along with a brief outline of which conditions are conducive to which order of insect discussed. 320 x 240 resolution, available in video formats for both Windows and Mac platforms (see main menu for video options).

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A well illustrated database featuring the world's cockroach species. Includes phylogeny, distribution, and keys for many of the groups.

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A large collection of insect sound files (.wav) ranging from mosquito wings to orthopterous mating calls. Some of the more unusual insect communication files include termite headbanging, and fire ant stridulation.

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A large collection of insect sound files (.wav) ranging from mosquito wings to orthopterous mating calls. Some of the more unusual insect communication files include termite headbanging, and fire ant stridulation.

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BugGuide is devoted to identification and natural history of insects through imagery. The images are uploaded and examined by amateur volunteers, and the site is hosted by Iowa State University. All of the insect orders and several non-insect arthropods are included in the database. There also is an interactive Lucid key available. Attempts are made to follow current taxonomic efforts. The site is easy to navigable through and has some very nice photos. (Not all photos were reviewed for taxonomic accuracy.)

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An interactive connection to a scanning electron microscope viewing insects. Participants are encouraged to arrange a time and send in specimens to be viewed via the internet. Website sections include the science behind microscopy, and classification of insects. Not all sections are complete at time of writing.

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A concise lesson about chemical communication in insects covering both semio and info chemicals. The site includes a short video of grape root borer moths using sex pheromone. Further links on the take the user to visual and auditory communication.

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A concise lesson about chemical communication in insects covering both semio and info chemicals. The site includes a short video of grape root borer moths using sex pheromone. Further links on the take the user to visual and auditory communication.

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A short video demonstrating which type of net to use for collecting and the appropriate techniques for sweeping and successfully collecting the caught insects. Dr Noel Troxclair gives clear and concise instruction on the finer points of sweep netting. 320 x 240 resolution, available in video formats for both Windows and Mac platforms (see main menu for video options).

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A series of nine video clips from a cockroach dissection, showing structures of the digestive system (crop, gastric caeca, midgut, Malpighian tubules, hindgut), circulatory system (heart, aorta) and repiratory system (spiracles, tracheae, tracheoles). Ease of use: Text and video are extremely easy to use, although video 1 ("Dissection of a Cockroach Take 2", the title video) is unnecessary, particularly considering loading time. Also, due to differences in browsers and video dimensions, the background image can make it difficult to read the text in a screen that is not resized perfectly, making the site perhaps less user friendly/accessible to, for example, people with visual difficulties. Background necessary: Little if any necessary, although perhaps some additional information in text (e.g., duration of anaesthetization of the cockroach on ice) and pointers (e.g., arrows; such would aid in the circulatory system video, especially) during the videos via some post-video production editing would aid folks that are unfamiliar with the organs (specifically, lower division undergraduates). This should be minimally required though following a single run through by a lab instructor before a lab/video is demonstrated to students; should not be required at all for comparative morphologists. Regarding "core insect principles" below - I have included economic value and environmental services particularly due to the role that bacterial symbionts play in food digestion (as demosntrated in the video), while use of insects in inquiries is checked as cockroaches are excellent models for comparative physiology (e.g., tracheal & open circulatory system vs vertebrate cardiopulmonary system, and MTs vs kidneys). One last additional point is that the author "throws away" the fat body, discounting its very important role in insect biology - comparison at least to the kidney is warranted, particularly in light of its overwhelming presence inside the cockroach when dissected open (surely one student, at least, will ask why there's so much of it yet it's not discussed?).

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This is a National Science Teachers Association PDF file located on Cornell University's website. The lesson plan is devoted to collecting and assessing stream macroinvertebrates for the purpose of stream water quality study. The last few pages feature some nice drawings of various grouips; stoneflies, beetle larvae, caddisflies, etc, with key determination characters, and an idea of their tolerance to pollution.

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This is a National Science Teachers Association PDF file located on Cornell University's website. The lesson plan is devoted to collecting and assessing stream macroinvertebrates for the purpose of stream water quality study. The last few pages feature some nice drawings of various grouips; stoneflies, beetle larvae, caddisflies, etc, with key determination characters, and an idea of their tolerance to pollution.

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A very nicely illustrated key to 46 flea beetles regularly found in North Dakota. The key is a lucid style key, and the images are carefully produced. A beautiful photo gallery and list of common flea beetles is also included.

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The homepage of general entomology as taught by Dr. Bryan Danforth. Lecture topics are listed and most have PDF files of handouts or Power Points of the lectures attached for download. The focus of these lectures is on understanding insects, their form and function, life histories, and importance to our lives, health, and economy. A link to other entomology courses at Cornell is also provided.

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The homepage of general entomology as taught by Dr. Bryan Danforth. Lecture topics are listed and most have PDF files of handouts or Power Points of the lectures attached for download. The focus of these lectures is on understanding insects, their form and function, life histories, and importance to our lives, health, and economy. A link to other entomology courses at Cornell is also provided.

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Natural selection simulation. Plants and animals (insects) go through generations according to parameters entered by the user. Pesticide and herbicide applications can be made, though resistance is not simulated. New species with characteristics like metabolism rate, density, and chance of procreation can be created. Good for understanding population effects. Requires Mac OS X 10.4 or later. Simulation is not available for Windows.

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Nine high-quality, interactive images showing insects that blend with their surroundings with spectacular success. Once selected, the image can be rolled-over to remove the background showing only the insect in question. Orchid mantid, several Lepidoptera, and a couple of Orthoptera are included.

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Nine high-quality, interactive images showing insects that blend with their surroundings with spectacular success. Once selected, the image can be rolled-over to remove the background showing only the insect in question. Orchid mantid, several Lepidoptera, and a couple of Orthoptera are included.

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A short video clip of the famous Death Watch Beetle tapping on a substrate. Several other short videos of the beetle are also available. ARKive is a large British site devoted to wildlife images.

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A short video clip of the famous Death Watch Beetle tapping on a substrate. Several other short videos of the beetle are also available. ARKive is a large British site devoted to wildlife images.

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This PDF created by the Entomological Society of America is a general brochure designed to advise students on where to go and how to prepare for a career in entomology. It highlights some of the major disciplines within entomology including forensics, conservation, and medical veterinary.

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This PDF created by the Entomological Society of America is a general brochure designed to advise students on where to go and how to prepare for a career in entomology. It highlights some of the major disciplines within entomology including forensics, conservation, and medical veterinary.

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This resource (for and by college students) is meant to be a taxonomic reference for all life. This section of the site focuses on the Insecta. The database is lucid key driven and includes valuable diagnostic and behavioral information about many insect groups as well as bibliographic references. This NSF-sponsored project includes work from the University of Guelph and Animal Diversity Web at the University of Michigan. Much of the site is considered a "skeleton" awaiting further contributions.

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A National Geographic article about a variety of cave dwelling (troglobite) arthropods. The story dwells on eyeless spiders, translucent centipedes, and other arthropod cave-dwellers and speculates about their phylogenetic relations, as well as their endangered future. The site includes a link to a fine interactive map with images of many of the animals discussed.

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A National Geographic article about a variety of cave dwelling (troglobite) arthropods. The story dwells on eyeless spiders, translucent centipedes, and other arthropod cave-dwellers and speculates about their phylogenetic relations, as well as their endangered future. The site includes a link to a fine interactive map with images of many of the animals discussed.

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This is the tick section of the Discoverlife.org website which includes an excellent insect database as well as databases for many other organisms. These pages are well illustrated, and in the case of the ticks, with many SEMs, as well as a lucid key. Top notch, easily navigated website.

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Traditional evolution of the insects is presented in cladogram form with a neatly organized short article describing the primitive wingless insect radiation into modern insect orders mainly during the Carboniferous period.

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Traditional evolution of the insects is presented in cladogram form with a neatly organized short article describing the primitive wingless insect radiation into modern insect orders mainly during the Carboniferous period.

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The ESA website for professional and amateur entomologists alike. Provides peer reviewed publications, publishes the popular American Entomologist magazine, and handles all the registration for the various regional and national meetings of entomologists across the country. This is a valuable resource for student and professional alike.

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The ESA website for professional and amateur entomologists alike. Provides peer reviewed publications, publishes the popular American Entomologist magazine, and handles all the registration for the various regional and national meetings of entomologists across the country. This is a valuable resource for student and professional alike.

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With almost 5000 entries this compendium of common names of Australian insects is one of the most thorough identification tools available online. Most of the pages include images and ranges as well as descriptions of the taxon.

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With almost 5000 entries this compendium of common names of Australian insects is one of the most thorough identification tools available online. Most of the pages include images and ranges as well as descriptions of the taxon.

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An A-Z listing of a wide variety of entomology based resources. Many university departments, Insect control facilities, and museums are represented here, as well as outlets for gathering collecting and curating gear. Other lings take you to Usenet Newsgroups, and List servers.

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An A-Z listing of a wide variety of entomology based resources. Many university departments, Insect control facilities, and museums are represented here, as well as outlets for gathering collecting and curating gear. Other lings take you to Usenet Newsgroups, and List servers.

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This web site provides various modules on exotic species, including both plants and animals, in North American ecosystems. The site includes methods of introduction; case studies of the Asian tiger mosquito, gypsy moth, and multicolored ladybeetle; a nice discussion of diverse ethics issues; and quizzes. It also includes a glossary of more than 75 terms related to invasive species biology; a multimedia player is required to hear pronunciations of the terms. Undergraduate students will find the site useful as an introduction to exotic species biology, although it is designed particularly as a learning and teaching tool for pre-college students.

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An argument for using insects to discover new useful compounds using "High Throughput Screening" techniques of molecules. The article opens with a basic introduction to the richness of the insect class, and the practical hopes of expecting to locate useful molecules for immunological and other purposes. Traditionally plants and microbes have been used for this product development.

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An argument for using insects to discover new useful compounds using "High Throughput Screening" techniques of molecules. The article opens with a basic introduction to the richness of the insect class, and the practical hopes of expecting to locate useful molecules for immunological and other purposes. Traditionally plants and microbes have been used for this product development.

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In this investigation, students design experiments to examine intraspecific and interspecific competition using two species of parasitoid wasps. They gather data on the number of offspring produced by females under each of the initial densities of founding females; the resulting data are used to estimate the parameters of the Lotka-Volterra competition model. The predictions of the model are then compared to the outcome of interspecific competition treatments.

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Interactive grasshopper anatomy lessons. Mouthparts, legs, abdomen, various sutures are all featured, as well as well as more general discussions about the types of insect antennae,wings, legs, and mouthparts. An excellent flash demonstration of mouthpart modifications is also featured.

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Interactive grasshopper anatomy lessons. Mouthparts, legs, abdomen, various sutures are all featured, as well as well as more general discussions about the types of insect antennae,wings, legs, and mouthparts. An excellent flash demonstration of mouthpart modifications is also featured.

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The best lecture on insect mouthparts currently available on the internet. An audio lecture introduces the subject followed by an interactive selection of insect mouthparts with descriptions and exploded views to demonstrate the evolution and adaptive radiation of these limbs.

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The best lecture on insect mouthparts currently available on the internet. An audio lecture introduces the subject followed by an interactive selection of insect mouthparts with descriptions and exploded views to demonstrate the evolution and adaptive radiation of these limbs.

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Award winning database of Drosophila molecular study. A gene/genome search by image of organ systems, life-cycle stages, tagma, or germ layer is possible.

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Award winning database of Drosophila molecular study. A gene/genome search by image of organ systems, life-cycle stages, tagma, or germ layer is possible.

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A discussion of the surprising number of heat-shock proteins active in hibernating insects that help aid their survival in extreme conditions. The possibility of removing genes responsible for coding these proteins may help in controlling some persistent pest species that overwinter.

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A discussion of the surprising number of heat-shock proteins active in hibernating insects that help aid their survival in extreme conditions. The possibility of removing genes responsible for coding these proteins may help in controlling some persistent pest species that overwinter.

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How forensic entomology helps solve crimes, specifically focusing on maggots and adult flies. This is a 23 min video that provides an interesting lecture by Martin Hall that includes a slide show presentation that was recorded in front of an audience. It includes a question and answer session with the audience. Windows Media Player or Quicktime is needed to view video, but there are links to download each software program available through the site. There is also a link on the same page that provides a PDF download that gives a written introduction to forensic entomology.

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FORMIS is a composite of several ant literature databases. It contains citations for a large fraction of the world's ant literature (about 38,000 references). FORMIS contains all known ant taxonomic literature (through 1996). It also contains comprehensive bibliographies of leaf-cutting ants, fire ants, and Russian wood ants. FORMIS is also the only database which covers ant literature before the 1970s. For further details please see contributions and credits. This database is designed to allow convenient searches of titles, keywords and abstracts when available (online searches or downloads). Citations from this database can be exported to create specialty databases or personal reprint indexes. FORMIS is only updated every year or two, so it is not a source for the most recent ant literature.

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**WRONG LINK - GOES TO MAIN MENU** A video mainly demonstrating D-net sweeping for aquatic arthropods. Dr Nancy McIntyre touches on a few other techniques and discusses the need to think about using the right sampling technique when targeting specific aquatic Arthropods. Also discussed are techniques and considerations for different types of water bodies. There a four video types available in 320 x 240 resolution.

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An exhaustively researched page on the Ichneumonidae, their biology, classification, life history, and general morphology. Nine subfamilies are covered, and a lengthy references list is provided.

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An exhaustively researched page on the Ichneumonidae, their biology, classification, life history, and general morphology. Nine subfamilies are covered, and a lengthy references list is provided.

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A ten module online entomology course highlighting importance of insects, taxonomy, anatomy, growth and development, internal anatomy and physiology, behavior, ecology, and IPM. Each module includes learning objectives, well illustrated reading material, lab information, review and quiz materials, and audio slide shows. This is probably the finest online entomology course available to date.

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A ten module online entomology course highlighting importance of insects, taxonomy, anatomy, growth and development, internal anatomy and physiology, behavior, ecology, and IPM. Each module includes learning objectives, well illustrated reading material, lab information, review and quiz materials, and audio slide shows. This is probably the finest online entomology course available to date.

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Another of Dr. John Meyer's excellent webpages devoted to teaching general entomology. This page includes five links that take you to "spot ID" characters for insect orders and some families. This page has some excellent photographs detailing the significant characteristics and an interactive phylogenetic tree. A second link takes you to a summary by family of important characteristics. Further links show old tests and quizzes for study reference.

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A discussion of how genes code for segmentation in insects (Drosophila)as well as other animals (vertebrates). Transcription factor cascades and feedback mechanisms are described at length. This is a well illustrated and fairly advanced non-journal article requiring a good knowledge of genetic jargon.

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A discussion of how genes code for segmentation in insects (Drosophila)as well as other animals (vertebrates). Transcription factor cascades and feedback mechanisms are described at length. This is a well illustrated and fairly advanced non-journal article requiring a good knowledge of genetic jargon.

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This is a classroom exercise aimed at high school students (grade 9-12) using insects as population models. This lab exercise was developed by high school teachers working with the University of Arizona and Center for Insect Science Education Outreach staff. Thorough step by step instructions are provided for non-scientists to study aphid biology and reproduction as an ecological model for population growth. The exercise could easily be used in the college curriculum or as an example in teacher training.

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This is a classroom exercise aimed at high school students (grade 9-12) using insects as population models. This lab exercise was developed by high school teachers working with the University of Arizona and Center for Insect Science Education Outreach staff. Thorough step by step instructions are provided for non-scientists to study aphid biology and reproduction as an ecological model for population growth. The exercise could easily be used in the college curriculum or as an example in teacher training.

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Excellent powerpoint presentations of bee genera in two separate files both on this site. Illustrated with full color photographs and morphological details where necessary.

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Human genome sequencing center at Baylor College of medicine has completed the honey bee genome (2006). It is available for download by chromosome. It can also be searched using NCBI megablast. Other links include the Nature press release and PDFs of several other related articles.

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Human genome sequencing center at Baylor College of medicine has completed the honey bee genome (2006). It is available for download by chromosome. It can also be searched using NCBI megablast. Other links include the Nature press release and PDFs of several other related articles.

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A thorough NSF funded research site dedicated to insect parasite fauna, especially the gregarines. This page is a work in progress as research develops. Some gregarine keys are included online, as well as survey results, and some systematics.

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A thorough NSF funded research site dedicated to insect parasite fauna, especially the gregarines. This page is a work in progress as research develops. Some gregarine keys are included online, as well as survey results, and some systematics.

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Discussion of the Bombardier beetle's chemical defense, detailing the explosive qualities of the chemicals, where the beetle is found, a bit about distribution, and what the chemicals do to people. There's also a bit about insects in the news detailing the beetle's role in the ongoing religious debate as it pertains to how such an animal might evolve, with an aside about a Richard Dawkin's demonstration.

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Discussion of the Bombardier beetle's chemical defense, detailing the explosive qualities of the chemicals, where the beetle is found, a bit about distribution, and what the chemicals do to people. There's also a bit about insects in the news detailing the beetle's role in the ongoing religious debate as it pertains to how such an animal might evolve, with an aside about a Richard Dawkin's demonstration.

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A video site of insects flying. The images are mainly of Lepidoptera, and many of the image sequences can be manipulated to slow the action. There are also many images available as well as the results of several flight experiments. Interestingly the researcher's expertise is engineering and aerospace and emphasis is placed on the mechanics of flight.

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A video site of insects flying. The images are mainly of Lepidoptera, and many of the image sequences can be manipulated to slow the action. There are also many images available as well as the results of several flight experiments. Interestingly the researcher's expertise is engineering and aerospace and emphasis is placed on the mechanics of flight.

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A 2001 Natural History article detailing the finding that the London Underground harbored a variety of the above ground, daytime inhabiting Culex pipiens dubbed 'molestus'. Along with the obvious differences in behavior (Culex pipiens is generally a bird biter, but without underground birds the molestus variety has been voraciously biting people) geneticists have been able to use molecular techniques to differentiate, and suggest novel evolution for the two groups.

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A 2001 Natural History article detailing the finding that the London Underground harbored a variety of the above ground, daytime inhabiting Culex pipiens dubbed 'molestus'. Along with the obvious differences in behavior (Culex pipiens is generally a bird biter, but without underground birds the molestus variety has been voraciously biting people) geneticists have been able to use molecular techniques to differentiate, and suggest novel evolution for the two groups.

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A short and clever discussion comparing how insects walk to how people walk. Inverted pendulum motion, and dynamic stability as compared with static stability are discussed with excellent line drawings.

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A short and clever discussion comparing how insects walk to how people walk. Inverted pendulum motion, and dynamic stability as compared with static stability are discussed with excellent line drawings.

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A short article discussing the various ways in which insecticides operate to kill insects. Groups covered include IGRs, cuticle production inhibitors, nervous system poisoners, water balance disrupters, and more. Included is a table of common insecticides with their modes of action.

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A flash demonstration with narration of the dissection of an American cockroach. The demonstration features heart, muslces, salivary glands, proventriculus, midgut, hindgut, and more.

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A flash demonstration with narration of the dissection of an American cockroach. The demonstration features heart, muslces, salivary glands, proventriculus, midgut, hindgut, and more.

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Dichotomous key to an extensive number of insect orders as well as a key for classes of Arthropods. Easy to use dichotomous keys with good initial explanation on how to use one. Many black and white and color sketches and color photographs to aid identification. URL - http://entnemdept.ifas.ufl.edu/choate/insect_orders_06b.pdf

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Lesson plan using termites for hypothesis testing. Individual and group learning is emphasized. Other insects could be substituted if termites are not available. Filter paper and essential oils are needed. The lesson plan provides a good framework for investigating social insects. Although it may need modified for some purposes (i.e. include outcome objectives and assessment). The lesson plan forms a framework for other such investigative labs.

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Beetle walks across the frame, demonstrating order of leg movement.

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This page deals with research being done on the parasitism of the "blue butterfly" group Maculinea. These species are well known for taking advantage of ants by chemically convincing ants that they are one of their own larvae. This page has some lovely photos, and a nice generalized life history table. Other links deal with aspects of the research including population genetics and communication.

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This page deals with research being done on the parasitism of the "blue butterfly" group Maculinea. These species are well known for taking advantage of ants by chemically convincing ants that they are one of their own larvae. This page has some lovely photos, and a nice generalized life history table. Other links deal with aspects of the research including population genetics and communication.

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This is an excellent animated resource for introducing teachers and students to Entomology. The interactive Flash animation covers classification, basic anatomy, beneficial vs. pest insects, and life cycles. The dialogue is engaging, clear, and accurate at the elementary level. After completing the animation students have additional activities and exercises available to them. The links at the top of the page are particularly helpful. Users can access an index of the Flash animation slides, as well as a Teacher's Guide that includes example classroom activities and statewide learning standards for 3rd - 5th grades. Available in English and Spanish. Also available on CD.

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A preK-4th grade level observational exercise for the classroom focusing on life stages of insects, as well as metamorphosis. Students are provided mealworms to rear, and are asked to observe several other insects to identify their life stages.

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This is a website containing an excellent flash animation showing the life cycle of the Plasmodium (falciparum) as it enters the human host, multiplies, and then is picked back up by the mosquito. The animation goes into good detail about each life cycle stage of the plasmodium, making this a great source for understanding detailed facets of malaria. There are also links about Malaria including World Heath Organization tracking reports. It is about 2 minutes long.

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A www.Biodiversityexplorer.org webpage devoted to the newly described order Mantophasmatodea (2002). The page includes description, images, behavior, distribution, and phylogenetic information.

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A www.Biodiversityexplorer.org webpage devoted to the newly described order Mantophasmatodea (2002). The page includes description, images, behavior, distribution, and phylogenetic information.

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This website centers around the popular, age-old question of why so few insects live in the oceans; only about 250-350 species are routinely exposed to seawater. Marine insects and their special adaptations are discussed and the life histories of several species are treated in detail. The authors formulate and discuss six hypotheses as to why there are so few insects in the ocean. They then weigh in on their choice of the most likely explanation. Teaching notes are included that discuss the utility of marine insects in formulating and evaluating scientific questions and in exploring evolutionary aspects of life. The site is easy to navigate, requires only about 30 minutes to view, and is full of solid information that is presented in a light-hearted manner. No special requirements are needed to use this resource.

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A page deliberately arranged to teach a bit about hypothesis testing and evolution, as well as ponder the reasons why insects do not dominate the oceans. Several hypotheses from salinity, to crustacean competition are discussed. A unique password method is used to access the conclusions of the authors, which can be collected only after reading the other hypotheses suggested.

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A page deliberately arranged to teach a bit about hypothesis testing and evolution, as well as ponder the reasons why insects do not dominate the oceans. Several hypotheses from salinity, to crustacean competition are discussed. A unique password method is used to access the conclusions of the authors, which can be collected only after reading the other hypotheses suggested.

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Classroom study ideas, questions, and multimedia dealing with Monarch butterflies as classroom study organisms. Information about conservation, migration and tagging, biology, and live butterflies for sale is presented.

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Classroom study ideas, questions, and multimedia dealing with Monarch butterflies as classroom study organisms. Information about conservation, migration and tagging, biology, and live butterflies for sale is presented.

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A large resource of information about Monarch butterflies, migration, metamorphosis, and conservation. Many photos from various places highlight the information. This is a teaching focused set of pages. Of major interest are their many links, which deal with migration routes, roosting sites, and various other activities of interest.

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A large resource of information about Monarch butterflies, migration, metamorphosis, and conservation. Many photos from various places highlight the information. This is a teaching focused set of pages. Of major interest are their many links, which deal with migration routes, roosting sites, and various other activities of interest.

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An interactive site devoted to general entomology and specific information on 12 charismatic insects species including, Monarch butterflies, Morpho butterflies, mandids, Luna moths, and crickets. The site includes insect descriptions, morphology, behavior, as well as games and other interactive insect oriented entertainment. Includes the often sited formula for calculating the temperature from chirping crickets.

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An interactive site devoted to general entomology and specific information on 12 charismatic insects species including, Monarch butterflies, Morpho butterflies, mandids, Luna moths, and crickets. The site includes insect descriptions, morphology, behavior, as well as games and other interactive insect oriented entertainment. Includes the often sited formula for calculating the temperature from chirping crickets.

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A general audience discussion of common fruit fly mutations. The site includes simplified illustrations, and a discussion of fruit fly chromosomes. Presented by Exploratorium at the museum of science art and human perception at the Palace of Fine Arts San Francisco.

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A general audience discussion of common fruit fly mutations. The site includes simplified illustrations, and a discussion of fruit fly chromosomes. Presented by Exploratorium at the museum of science art and human perception at the Palace of Fine Arts San Francisco.

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A short but entertaining article detailing some of the many myths that abound about insects. Including the now famous cockroach-eggs-in-the-mouth story so popular with entomophobes.

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A short but entertaining article detailing some of the many myths that abound about insects. Including the now famous cockroach-eggs-in-the-mouth story so popular with entomophobes.

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Information about the parasitic wasp genus Nasonia. Everything from rearing, hosts, behavior, ecology, and genetic research being conducted on the group. This is a great reference for basic biology, as well as teaching about research with insects.

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Information about the parasitic wasp genus Nasonia. Everything from rearing, hosts, behavior, ecology, and genetic research being conducted on the group. This is a great reference for basic biology, as well as teaching about research with insects.

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Narrated Slide show well detailing University of Georgia's physical research on light reflection of beetle exoskeletons. Possible uses for various paints, and reflective surfaces are discussed.

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Narrated Slide show well detailing University of Georgia's physical research on light reflection of beetle exoskeletons. Possible uses for various paints, and reflective surfaces are discussed.

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A comprehensive listing of all insect orders with general, bibliographic, key, worker, and museum links. This is a very practical tool for any student or teacher looking for information on any of the insect orders.

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Entomogenous nematodes are covered here on a short general page that includes several links, one of which is to a PDF with more extensive bio-control with nematodes information. Nine families of nematodes are mentioned which include species that sterilize, alter behavior, or simply kill the insect host.

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Entomogenous nematodes are covered here on a short general page that includes several links, one of which is to a PDF with more extensive bio-control with nematodes information. Nine families of nematodes are mentioned which include species that sterilize, alter behavior, or simply kill the insect host.

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The website of NABS an international scientific community for the better understanding of organisms living on the bottoms of lakes and streams. Home of the journal of the North American Benthological Society. Links to annual meetings, education and outreach, jobs for students and postdocs are also accessible from this page.

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The website of NABS an international scientific community for the better understanding of organisms living on the bottoms of lakes and streams. Home of the journal of the North American Benthological Society. Links to annual meetings, education and outreach, jobs for students and postdocs are also accessible from this page.

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An engaging National Wildlife article about insect evolution spotlighting some of the more unusual and bizarre insects from caves to islands isolation pushes speciation and provides hypotheses to difficult questions. Highlighted here are some of the more fantastic of these unusual insects, predatory caterpillars, and blind cave crickets. The article also ponders the destructive potential of invasive species.

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An engaging National Wildlife article about insect evolution spotlighting some of the more unusual and bizarre insects from caves to islands isolation pushes speciation and provides hypotheses to difficult questions. Highlighted here are some of the more fantastic of these unusual insects, predatory caterpillars, and blind cave crickets. The article also ponders the destructive potential of invasive species.

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The Orthoptera Species File (Version 2.0/3.1) is a taxonomic database of the world's Orthoptera. It contains full synonymic and taxonomic information for more than 25,000 valid species and more than 39,000 taxonomic names, and has more than 140,000 citations to references Users can also access images and sound recordings for many species. The "Education Exercises" link has tools (in both English and Spanish) to learn about synonymic lists, the taxonomic history of a generic and specific name, type specimens, and valid names. There also are interactive keys for identifying and diagnosing species of Orthoptera and teaching users about the Linnaean hierarchy. Another useful resource on the home page is the list of experts and their contact information. The OSF is useful for professionals, students, educators and users with a general interest in Orthoptera. It stands out as excellent because it is well-documented, has many "help" features to guide users, and is associated with a well-respected group, the Orthopterists' Society. If you are not sure where to start looking, or if you are interested in how the database is constructed, use the home page links listed under "Other Places to Start".

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Many well illustrated examples, with many insects, of various forms of coloration or patterning for Camouflage, mating, communication, mimicry and other purposes. Examples for entomological use include walking sticks, katydids, moths, ambush bugs, and many others.

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Many well illustrated examples, with many insects, of various forms of coloration or patterning for Camouflage, mating, communication, mimicry and other purposes. Examples for entomological use include walking sticks, katydids, moths, ambush bugs, and many others.

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A very good video demonstrating how to use pitfalls to collect ground dwelling insects. Dr. Nancy McIntyre gives clear and concise instructions on type and construction of pitfall trap to use and how to place in the ground. She also gives tips on killing agents and how to retrieve those arthropods caught in the trap. 320 x 240 resolution, available in video formats for both Windows and Mac platforms (see main menu for video options).

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Radar tracking used to profile insect migration, mating and flight patterns. Many links to various pages include current workers in radar entomology, historical uses of the technology, and many images.

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Radar tracking used to profile insect migration, mating and flight patterns. Many links to various pages include current workers in radar entomology, historical uses of the technology, and many images.

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Exoskeleton cell arrangement acts like liquid crystal to reflect particular wavelengths of light, according to recent research findings reported on World-Science net. Such findings may become important to car manufacturers improving light and reflective details.

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Exoskeleton cell arrangement acts like liquid crystal to reflect particular wavelengths of light, according to recent research findings reported on World-Science net. Such findings may become important to car manufacturers improving light and reflective details.

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A lesson plan devoted to understanding "capture, mark and release" methods of estimating population densities. The lesson plan is straight forward and mainly requires an appropriate field for grass feeding insect collection. Students will learn about sweep net methods, as well as population estimation, and insect diversity.

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A lesson plan devoted to understanding "capture, mark and release" methods of estimating population densities. The lesson plan is straight forward and mainly requires an appropriate field for grass feeding insect collection. Students will learn about sweep net methods, as well as population estimation, and insect diversity.

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A summary of the Mecoptera, including a key to North American adults.

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The "Sharpshooter leafhoppers of the World" site has general information about leafhoppers, with specific instruction on the sharpshooter group (Hemiptera: Cidadellidae: Cicadellinae). Pages include classification, history, specimen depository, and an interactive key (not completed at time of this writing). A photographic gallery arranged by geographic region is especially useful and very beautifully done. The "Who Described the Species" link gives interesting historical accounts of some of the more prolific leafhopper taxonomists.

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Wasp behavior recorded in video format, and discussed at length. Behaviors discussed include, lunging, chewing, egg-laying, and fighting. Other links include information about genetic work being done, and general wasp info.

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Wasp behavior recorded in video format, and discussed at length. Behaviors discussed include, lunging, chewing, egg-laying, and fighting. Other links include information about genetic work being done, and general wasp info.

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Japan has a long tradition of appreciating the songs of Orthoptera, and caged orthopterans are often kept as singing pets. This website presents photos of various singing insects (on a grid for sizing), as well as the Japanese common name and scientific name for each species, the time of year when they are found, and their habitat and distribution. The presentation is available in both English and Japanese languages. More than 90 songs are available for various Orthoptera (crickets, katydids, grasshoppers, and mole crickets); several additional songs are available for beetles and assassin bugs. Also available are more than 10 examples of chorusing orthopterans, as well as examples of variations in songs caused by temperature and other factors. Click on the Insect Sound links. Audio files are in MP3 and RealMedia format. Each song plays for roughly 10 to 30 seconds. This is a wonderful website.

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A less well known 1964 research into the famous waggle dance and other bee communication methods concluding that other bee produced sounds carry more meaning than the actual shape of the dance. A discussion of queen "tooting" and "quacking" is also offered here, followed by a long discussion of how the bees may be producing these sounds.

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A less well known 1964 research into the famous waggle dance and other bee communication methods concluding that other bee produced sounds carry more meaning than the actual shape of the dance. A discussion of queen "tooting" and "quacking" is also offered here, followed by a long discussion of how the bees may be producing these sounds.

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A short general introductory page about some pathogens of insects including Rickettsia, Bacillus thuringiensis, Wolbachia, and a smattering of other bio-pesticides. Many organisms are highlighted leading to linked pages from CDC and other sources for more information.

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A short general introductory page about some pathogens of insects including Rickettsia, Bacillus thuringiensis, Wolbachia, and a smattering of other bio-pesticides. Many organisms are highlighted leading to linked pages from CDC and other sources for more information.

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Another of Dr. John Meyer's excellent entomology teaching pages. This one is a narrated slide show dealing with the insect orders. Twenty-six orders of adult insects are covered, and each one is highlighted with the distinctive characteristics for identification.

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Another of Dr. John Meyer's excellent entomology teaching pages. This one is a narrated slide show dealing with the insect orders. Twenty-six orders of adult insects are covered, and each one is highlighted with the distinctive characteristics for identification.

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Home page of the gliding ant research of Steve Yanoviak including many videos of ants falling and swerving back to the tree, comparison videos of non-gliding ants are given for comparison. This is a fascinating insect behavior that may be an evolutionary step in insect flight.

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Home page of the gliding ant research of Steve Yanoviak including many videos of ants falling and swerving back to the tree, comparison videos of non-gliding ants are given for comparison. This is a fascinating insect behavior that may be an evolutionary step in insect flight.

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A source for a variety of electronic newsletters, and list servers to distribute regular information from teachers, experts in the field, and other interested parties about a variety of arthropod topics, including insects, spiders, and museum collections.

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A source for a variety of electronic newsletters, and list servers to distribute regular information from teachers, experts in the field, and other interested parties about a variety of arthropod topics, including insects, spiders, and museum collections.

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This Australian website is an interactive activity where students learn about the importance of termites to the Savanna ecosystem. Students explore the castes of termites, the home structure and function, and the impact of the colonies on the surrounding landscape. A decent ecology primer, as well as introduction to termites. Other website links lead to other savanna information.

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This Australian website is an interactive activity where students learn about the importance of termites to the Savanna ecosystem. Students explore the castes of termites, the home structure and function, and the impact of the colonies on the surrounding landscape. A decent ecology primer, as well as introduction to termites. Other website links lead to other savanna information.

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A collection of colored scanning electron microscope images of insects (and a few spiders) by Dennis Kunkel Microscopy, Inc. The images are arranged as FBI-style rap sheets, each one containing the scientific name and facts about that species. There are two different “12 most wanted bugs” pages: Bug Mugs (head shots) and Bug Bodies. Several species appear on both pages. The images are clear and the fact sheets are easy to read (although no references are provided). Also check out the "Zoom In!" link at the top of the page for more insect images.

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Some 39 genera of bees, illustrated with full habitus photos, are included in this online article. Information about nests, behavior, floral relationships, as well as conservation are thoroughly covered. Includes an extensive references section.

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This website provides a wonderful, light-hearted but scientifically sound introduction to entomology, taught by Cornell University's Department of Entomology. The entire course is presented, complete with syllabus, lectures, and various downloadable handouts. It features about 20 lecture topics spread over 28 class periods, with excellent visual aids that can be downloaded in PowerPoint format. The course emphasizes insect biology and insect interactions with humans. Lecture topics include insect diversity, development, vision, communication, pollination, pest management, predators and parasitoids, societies, vectors of disease, and more. The course assumes no previous exposure to insect biology.

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This website provides a wonderful, light-hearted but scientifically sound introduction to entomology, taught by Cornell University's Department of Entomology. The entire course is presented, complete with syllabus, lectures, and various downloadable handouts. It features about 20 lecture topics spread over 28 class periods, with excellent visual aids that can be downloaded in PowerPoint format. The course emphasizes insect biology and insect interactions with humans. Lecture topics include insect diversity, development, vision, communication, pollination, pest management, predators and parasitoids, societies, vectors of disease, and more. The course assumes no previous exposure to insect biology.

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External anatomy of the cockroach, presented from various angles with body parts clearly labeled on photographs rather than diagrams. The user can navigate their way through different views of the head, thorax and abdomen sections. There are also close-up views of the legs. The user can download each image. The internal anatomy section is under construction.

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An American Entomologist article in PDF format detailing the prevalence and purpose of insects in various mythology from scarabs to locusts and Native Americans to ancient Egypt. The article includes a bibliography.

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An American Entomologist article in PDF format detailing the prevalence and purpose of insects in various mythology from scarabs to locusts and Native Americans to ancient Egypt. The article includes a bibliography.

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Bacillus thuringiensis or Bt is a widespread toxic bacterium of many groups of insects. Some are more specific than others. This page discusses the varieties and target insects, use, and mode of action.

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Bacillus thuringiensis or Bt is a widespread toxic bacterium of many groups of insects. Some are more specific than others. This page discusses the varieties and target insects, use, and mode of action.

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Focussing on the use of the tobacco hornworm as an experimental animal in the classroom, this site includes information on rearing, life cycles, and lesson plans.

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This is a commercial website for the sale of a book with accompanying CD collecting the songs of some 76 insects. A few other products are also available on the page. The main resource useful on the page is a "jukebox" of eight common insect songs including several crickets, a couple of katydids, and two cicadas. The recordings are high quality and unmistakable.

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This is a commercial website for the sale of a book with accompanying CD collecting the songs of some 76 insects. A few other products are also available on the page. The main resource useful on the page is a "jukebox" of eight common insect songs including several crickets, a couple of katydids, and two cicadas. The recordings are high quality and unmistakable.

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This electronic book, edited by Thomas J. Walker, currently contains 40 brief chapters, each chapter covering one insect record, such as longest migration, smallest adults, and largest eggs. The project was initiated by graduate students at the University of Florida, but is now open to anyone maintaining a high-level of scholarship in their contributions. The book of records is a great reference for those looking for fun, yet accurate, information about insects for undergraduate Entomology classes or simply to satisfy one's own curiosity. Chapters are prepared in journal style with an introduction, methods, results, discussion, and references for further study. The site is easy to use and contains more detail than one might expect. Information is searchable by chapter, by contents and by author.

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This US Government site is dedicated to classification, and identification of arthropods of medical importance. Several links take you to keys to medically important sand flies, mosquitoes, scorpions, ticks and fleas. It also hosts a discussion forum, and catalogs of mosquitoes and sand flies (as of this writing not yet functioning).

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The Tree of Life Project is a classification project based on current taxonomic information for all groups of organisms. This is the INSECTA page, which is a portal to the rest of the pages for all insect groups. It includes images, phylogenetic relationships, and extensive references. This is a great start to learning about a new group of insects, or any other life form.

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Current, on-going phylogenetics devoted to the representation of the evolution of life through the use of the most current published data. This particular page highlights the evolutionary relationships of the arthropods showing the insects (Hexapoda) sister-grouped with crustaceans, and outside this arrangement the centipedes and millipedes. The groupings are not yet well resolved as the site is an on-going world wide scientific project. Links to all varieties of organisms are included.

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Current, on-going phylogenetics devoted to the representation of the evolution of life through the use of the most current published data. This particular page highlights the evolutionary relationships of the arthropods showing the insects (Hexapoda) sister-grouped with crustaceans, and outside this arrangement the centipedes and millipedes. The groupings are not yet well resolved as the site is an on-going world wide scientific project. Links to all varieties of organisms are included.

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A high school level genetics project housed on the Tree of Life web project site using Drosophila to predict genetic crosses. The site includes instructions, worksheets, and extensive explanations as well as many images and example results.

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A high school level genetics project housed on the Tree of Life web project site using Drosophila to predict genetic crosses. The site includes instructions, worksheets, and extensive explanations as well as many images and example results.

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A short video demonstrating how to use an aspirator to collect small insects. Dr. Noel Troxclair gives clear instruction on technique and the construction of an aspirator. T320 x 240 resolution, available in video formats for both Windows and Mac platforms (see main menu for video options).

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A short page about the White Muscadine disease organism. A description of Beauvaria's pathogenesis, and effects, followed by a description of products available and potential pests to treat.

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A short page about the White Muscadine disease organism. A description of Beauvaria's pathogenesis, and effects, followed by a description of products available and potential pests to treat.

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Twenty lesson plans (NSES aligned) directed at students K-3, feature lessons on observation and description, growth, morphology, grooming, and more. General information sheets on a variety of insects (mosquitoes, ants, flies, crickets, mantids and others) are available as well as cited references, rearing information, and links to suppliers. To be included in the entomological library for college students, the creators of the site should use it as a template to improve education of teachers. The site provides many good lesson plans but at present does not make a link to training teachers.

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Twenty lesson plans (NSES aligned) directed at students K-3, feature lessons on observation and description, growth, morphology, grooming, and more. General information sheets on a variety of insects (mosquitoes, ants, flies, crickets, mantids and others) are available as well as cited references, rearing information, and links to suppliers. To be included in the entomological library for college students, the creators of the site should use it as a template to improve education of teachers. The site provides many good lesson plans but at present does not make a link to training teachers.

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A PDF file with a lesson plan, biological information, and instructions for the teacher mainly about using a particular termite behavior to teach scientific method. It is aimed at grade school level students, but the ink-mimicking-pheromone "trick" has been demonstrated at much higher class levels. And the information in the file could easily be adapted for undergraduate use.

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A PDF file with a lesson plan, biological information, and instructions for the teacher mainly about using a particular termite behavior to teach scientific method. It is aimed at grade school level students, but the ink-mimicking-pheromone "trick" has been demonstrated at much higher class levels. And the information in the file could easily be adapted for undergraduate use.

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A multi-university collaborative resource for genomic information from several vector arthropods: Anopheles (A.) gambiae, Aedes (A. (sic)) aegypti, Ixodes scapularis, Pedicularis (P.) humanus. Links are also available for organism photos, external links about the organism, and more. University of Notre Dame, e!Ensembl, IMBB, Harvard, Imperial College London are collaborators.

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A multi-university collaborative resource for genomic information from several vector arthropods: Anopheles (A.) gambiae, Aedes (A. (sic)) aegypti, Ixodes scapularis, Pedicularis (P.) humanus. Links are also available for organism photos, external links about the organism, and more. University of Notre Dame, e!Ensembl, IMBB, Harvard, Imperial College London are collaborators.

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The substrate vibration songs of membracids and cicadellids are the focus of this site. So far just a few species are represented, their vibrations converted into audio (and sounding like humpbacked whales).

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The substrate vibration songs of membracids and cicadellids are the focus of this site. So far just a few species are represented, their vibrations converted into audio (and sounding like humpbacked whales).

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A genetics toolbase with a dozen species of Drosophila aligned and presented in phylogenetic clade format and sequence downloads. There are also a series of vertebrates available. Requires a recent version of Java. This is a large collaborative effort from several research facilities including: UC Berkeley, Stanford, and UC Davis.

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A genetics toolbase with a dozen species of Drosophila aligned and presented in phylogenetic clade format and sequence downloads. There are also a series of vertebrates available. Requires a recent version of Java. This is a large collaborative effort from several research facilities including: UC Berkeley, Stanford, and UC Davis.

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Nine high-quality photographs of insects that demonstrate bright yellows and oranges, often in banded patterns, which provide predators information about distaste or poison. Great for demonstrations or insect identification lessons.

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Nine high-quality photographs of insects that demonstrate bright yellows and oranges, often in banded patterns, which provide predators information about distaste or poison. Great for demonstrations or insect identification lessons.

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Historical and evolutionary basis and discussion of mimicry. The ecological and genetic basis are discussed as well as some details about speciation. These are excellent introductory lecture notes, but are lacking in illustrations.

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Historical and evolutionary basis and discussion of mimicry. The ecological and genetic basis are discussed as well as some details about speciation. These are excellent introductory lecture notes, but are lacking in illustrations.

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From the Chironomidae Research Group a lucid picture selection toward identification of stream insects. Orders covered are the usual array of aquatic insects: Ephemeroptera, Odonata, Plecoptera, Hemiptera, Megaloptera, Neuroptera, Trichoptera, Leipidoptera, Coleoptera, and of course, Diptera. Picture links take you to family level photographs.

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From the Chironomidae Research Group a lucid picture selection toward identification of stream insects. Orders covered are the usual array of aquatic insects: Ephemeroptera, Odonata, Plecoptera, Hemiptera, Megaloptera, Neuroptera, Trichoptera, Leipidoptera, Coleoptera, and of course, Diptera. Picture links take you to family level photographs.

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A short Flash-illustrated discussion of how lampyrids produce their famous light. The discussion includes a bit about the genomics of the process, as well as what the light is for behaviorally.

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A short Flash-illustrated discussion of how lampyrids produce their famous light. The discussion includes a bit about the genomics of the process, as well as what the light is for behaviorally.

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A page detailing the various strategies insects use to survive the cold discussions include hibernation, migration, and anti-freeze compounds produced by the overwintering insect.

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A page detailing the various strategies insects use to survive the cold discussions include hibernation, migration, and anti-freeze compounds produced by the overwintering insect.

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A short, well illustrated article about the research done on gliding insects as a possible evolutionary link toward flight. Initially noticed when ants were dropped from tree branches and swerved back to teh tree trunk, this research now goes on on many primitively wingless insects that can also glide.

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A short, well illustrated article about the research done on gliding insects as a possible evolutionary link toward flight. Initially noticed when ants were dropped from tree branches and swerved back to teh tree trunk, this research now goes on on many primitively wingless insects that can also glide.

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A search enabled and expanding NSF database about the insect bacterial pathogen Wolbachia. The site includes information about molecular as well as taxonomic studies. The introduction page probably has the most general information of use to non-researchers using the site for educational purposes.

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A search enabled and expanding NSF database about the insect bacterial pathogen Wolbachia. The site includes information about molecular as well as taxonomic studies. The introduction page probably has the most general information of use to non-researchers using the site for educational purposes.

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This two-page guide for teachers uses termites as a springboard for writing conventions and skills. The exercise includes brainstorming questions and writing assignments. It allows a good deal of flexibility and imagination on the part of the students, although it will tend to evoke anthropomorphism. Students, for example, are asked to discuss how being "almost blind" or "living with 5 million of your brothers or sisters" might feel, and if they would "want to be the king or queen of a termite colony". Students are asked to obtain the necessary scientific information about termites from online sources, library books, encyclopedias, and other soures.

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